Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a lifetime incidence of ~2 percent; the clinical manifestations of this neurodegenerative disorder include resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. A relatively specific pathological feature accompanying the neuronal degeneration is an intracytoplasmic inclusion body, known as the Lewy body. A mutation was identified in the -synuclein gene, which codes for a presynaptic protein thought to be involved in neuronal plasticity, this mutation may cause a conformational change that renders alpha-synuclein more prone to self aggregation and deposition in Lewy bodies, which finally leads to oxidative stress and misfolding of B-synuclein.||Parkin gene, mutations in this gene are reported in early autosomal-recessive form of PD, however these mutations do not degenerate Lewy bodies. The Parkin gene product (Parkin) is involved in protein degradation as a ubiquitin protein ligase, the known substrates of Parkin include Pael-R (Parkin-associated endothelin receptor-like receptor), Ubiquitination of Pael-R by Parkin leads to its degradation in the proteasome, however failure to ubiquitinate it leads to death of neuron.||The synuclein exists in 3 isoform alpha-syn (chrm 4q21), a 140aa protein, implicated in pathogenesis of PD and related neurodegenerative disorders, it is mainly expressed in brain specifically in neuronal cell bodies and synapses. The 134aa B-syn (chrm 5q35) is homologous to 14kD bovine phosphoneuroprotein 14; SCNB has been shown to be highly expressed in the substantia nigra of the brain. Recently a new isoform termed gamma-synuclein (SNCG) or breast cancer gene 1 (BCG1) has been cloned (human 127aa (chrm 10q23), rat/mouse 123aa). Higher levels of expression of SNCG have been reported in advanced breast carcinomas. All three synuclein show ~40% identity.||Source:|Recombinant protein corresponding to aa1-140 from mouse alpha-Synuclein, expressed in E. coli.||Molecular Weight: |~14.4kD||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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