Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme, which thought to play a role in the protection of aerobic cells against oxygen toxicity by catalyzing disputation of superoxide anion (O2-) to H2O2 and O2. SODs are found in 3 forms and produced by separate genes. The first isoforms (SOD1, also known as SOD-A, soluble SOD, Cytosolic SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and indophenoloxidase A or IPOA). Human SOD1 is 154 aa (chromosome 21q22). It is a homodimer and each subunit can bind 1 copper ion and 1 zinc ion. SOD1 is cytoplasmic protein. Defects in SOD1 are the cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (ALS1 or ALS). ALS is a degenerative disorder of motorneurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. ALS is characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy beginning in the hands and spreading to the forearms and legs. Death usually occurs within 2 to 5 years. The familial form of ALS accounts for about 10% of the cases and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. SOD2 (mitochondrial indophenoloxidaeB, IPO-B, Mn-SOD) is a Mn-containing enzyme found primarily in mitochondria and therefore is not present in erythrocytes. SOD2 (human 222-aa; chromosome 6q25.3) is a homotetramer. It binds 1 Mn per subunit. SOD3 (extracellular-SOD or EC-SOD) is found in extracellular space (blood, lymph, synovial fluids and cerebrospinal fluid). Human SOD3 (240-aa, signal peptide 1-18aa; chromosome 4p15.3-p15.1) is a homotetramer. Each subunit, 30 kda, can bind 1 Cu and 1 Zn. Approx. 99% of EC-SOD is anchored to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the tissue interstitium, and 1% is located in the vasculature in equilibrium between the plasma and the endothelium. Since the above proteins were able to transport substances across cellular membranes and against concentration gradient they require an input of energy, which requires the hydrolysis of ATP, directly or indirectly.||Source:|17aa peptide near the C-terminus of human EC-SOD/SOD3||Species Sequence Homology:|Rat-94%; Mouse-88%||Applications:|Suitable for use in ELISA as a control peptide for S8060-10G. Other applications not tested. ||Recommended Dilution:|ELISA: Coat ELISA plates at 1ug/ml|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. ||Storage and Stability:|Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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