Control Peptide for A0225-01A (affinity purified antibody) and A0225-01B (antiserum).||In cells, excess of metabolic fuel is converted into fatty acids in cytosol and oxidized later in mitochondria to generate ATP and acetyl-CoA. In fatty acid synthesis, catalytic formation of malonyl-CoA (precursor for long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, LCFA-CoA) from acetyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC-1) is the rate limiting step. The translocation of LCFA-CoA from cytosol to mitochondria is catalyzed by two carnitine palmitoyl transferases (CPT-1 & CPT-2) and regulated by ACC-2, the rate limiting step of mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation. Activities of ACC-1 and 2 are regulated by their phosphorylation by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Diabetes deranges AMPK master-switch and represses the ACC-1 gene-expression and stimulates excessive fatty acid oxidation which in turn interferes with glucose metabolism. ACC1 is also known as ACC-alpha is a cytosolic enzyme, enriched in liver, adipose and lactating mammary tissues. ACC1 catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in the biogenesis of LCFA-CoA. ACC1 carries three functions: biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase, and carboxyltransferase (catalytic activity). Two variants of ACC-1 have been described. One with 8 additional amino acids commencing at Pro-1196. The other which is 59aa shorter than the predominant fat and liver isoform exist in mammals. The presence of 8 additional amino acids inhibits the in vitro phosphorylation of the Ser1200 by camp-dependent kinase. The two ACC1 isoform are differentially regulated in a tissue specific manner and under different physiological conditions. The activity of ACC1 is finely regulated by hormone dependent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.||Applications:|Suitable for use in ELISA and Antibody Blocking. Not suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications have not been tested.||Recommended Dilutions:|ELISA: 50-100ng of peptide per well.|Antibody Blocking: 5-10ug per 1ug A0225-01A (affinity purified antibody) or per 1ul A0225-01B (antiserum).|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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