A 19aa peptide mapping in the C-terminus of human CGRP. This sequence is conserved in: canine (100%), bovine, sheep, rat , chicken, (92%), frog and porcine (85%). There are just 2 aa change between the human CGRP1 and CGRP2. No significant sequence homology is detected with amylin, calcitonin or adrenomedullin||Calcitonin leads to a lowering of plasma calcium and phosphate levels via the inhibition of bone resorption and excretion through the kidneys. Calcitonin is found in C cells of the normal and hyperplastic thyroid. ||The calcitonin family of bioactive peptides comprises of calcitonin, amylin, two calcitonin-gene related peptides (CGRP1, and CGRP2) and adrenomedullin (ADM). Calcitonin is 32aa peptide found in the parafollicular "C" cells of the thyroid in mammals. It is also found in a number of non-mammals. It regulated the mineral (calcium and phosphate) balance. Calcitonin causes hypercalcemia by acting as an inhibitor of osteoclast induced bone resorption. CGRP is a 37-aa peptide produced by tissue specific processing of the calcitonin gene. ||Calcitonin is the major product in the thyroid, whereas CGRP is the major product in neural tissues. CGRP is a potent cardiovascular agent. It has structural similarity with amylin. CGRP is found in two isoforms (CGRP-I and CGRP-II) that differs only by 3 amino acids. Amylin is a 37-aa peptide produced in the pancreatic beta-cell secretory granules and is co-released with insulin. Amylin also has CGRP-like effects on bone metabolism. Amylin has specific binding sites in the CNS and it may regulate gastric emptying and influence carbohydrate metabolism. Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52-aa hypotensive peptide. It has structural similarity with CGRP and amylin. ADM is produced in peripheral tissues, adrenal medulla, lung, and kidney. ADM has specific receptors on astrocytes and it is unregulated in ischaemia. ||The calcitonin family peptides probably act through G-protein coupled membrane receptors. Recently, a homolog of calcitonin receptor, CRLR (calcitonin-receptor-like receptor human 461 aa; rat/mouse 463 aa) was identified. It is now shown that CRLR can function as either a CGRP receptor or an ADM receptor, depending upon which members of a new family of proteins called receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) are expressed.

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