Vibrios are highly motile, curved shaped rods with a single polar flagellum that is used for self-propulsion. Vibrio cholera (V.cholera) is a non-spore-forming, gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae. V. cholera is the causative agent of cholera, which is a diarrheal disease of the small intestine. Transmission of V.cholera to humans occurs via the fecal-oral route and through the ingestion of contaminated water or food (WHO). Cholera is asymptomatic in many cases but does cause severe, watery diarrhea and dehydration in some individuals, which if untreated can rapidly lead to death. Cholera is reported to be endemic in many countries and, to date, seven cholera pandemics have been reported globally. The current pandemic is characterized by the predominance of the O1 serogroup of the El Tor biotype, with sporadic emergence of serogroup O139 (WHO). The two major virulence factors expressed by V. cholera O1 and O139 are cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). Cholera toxin is an oligomeric complex made up of six protein subunits: a single copy of the A subunit and five copies of the B subunit. Subunit B binds to the cell surface via GM1 gangliosides on the surface of target cells. Once bound, the entire toxin complex is endocytosed by the cell and the cholera toxin A1 (CTA1) chain is released by the reduction of a disulfide bridge. Once inside the cell subunit A activates G protein which then activates adenylate cyclase, eventually leading to enhanced efflux of chloride ions from the intestinal cells, and rapid water loss via the intestine.||Applications: |Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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