The NS1 protein is a major non-structural protein expressed by the Japanese Encephalitis Virus. The NS1 monomer is a glycosylated protein of approximately 45kD, which associates with lipids and forms a homodimer inside infected cells. It is necessary for viral replication, and is also secreted into the extracellular space as a hexameric lipoprotein particle, which is involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis by interacting with components from both the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as other host factors. NS1 is one of the major antigenic markers for viral infection with West Nile. Development of an immunoassay for West Nile virus NS1 has been reported by Li et al (2012). The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus, of the family Flaviviridae. JEV is also a member of the Japanese encephalitis serology complex, which also includes West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis and Murray Valley encephalitis virus. In nature, JEV cycles primarily between water birds and mosquitoes, of the Culex species, but porcine can be infected and act as amplifying hosts. JEV can also be transmitted to incidental hosts including humans, equine and other mammals. In Asia, Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in children, with up to 70,000 cases reported annually. In most cases JEV infection causes mild symptoms but a small number of cases develop into severe life-threatening encephalitis. The symptoms of JEV infection are like those seen in other conditions that cause severe encephalitis syndrome. In cases presenting with severe encephalitis, mortality rates can be as high as 30%, with survivors developing long term neurological and behavioral complications. Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy for JEV but safe and effective licensed vaccines are available.||Applications: |Suitable for use in Direct ELISA and Western Blot (in non-reducing conditions). Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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