Cathepsins (Union of two Greek words, kata-:down and hepsein:boil) are proteases: proteins that break apart other proteins, found in many types of cells including those in all animals. There are ~a dozen members of this family (designated Cathepsin A-E, G, H, K, L, S, V etc), which are distinguished by their structure, catalytic mechanism, and which proteins they cleave. Most of the members become activated at the low pH found in lysosomes. Thus, the activity of this family lies almost entirely within those organelles. Cathepsins have a vital role in mammalian cellular turnover, e.g. bone resorption. They degrade polypeptides and are distinguished by their substrate specificites.||Cathepsin S, also known as CTSS, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CTSS gene. The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation on MHC class II molecules. The encoded protein can function as an elastase over a broad pH range in alveolar macrophages. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. Cathepsin S has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor for patients with type IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and its inhibition has shown improvement in survival time by mean average 5 months. This is because the cysteine enzyme can no longer act together with other proteases to break up the brain extracellular matrix. So the spread of the tumor is halted.||Source:|Cathepsin S, from human spleen||Biological Activity:|Cathepsin S activity detected using Z-Val- Val-Arg-AMC (Bachem: I-1540)||Applications: |Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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