Microtubules are filamentous structures that serve in a variety of cellular functions including cell mobility, intracellular transport, and cell division. Microtubules are heterodimers of 2 major proteins, alpha- and beta-tubulins (55kD). The aa sequence of the tubulins is highly conserved evolutionarily. beta-tubulin gene family consists of 15 to 20 dispersed genes, many of which are processed pseudogenes. Within a vertebrate species, the genes are distinguished by their C-terminal region. The aa sequence differences show varying degrees of conservation across species, depending on the isotype. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain. The highly acidic C-terminal region may bind cations such as calcium. The tubulin superfamily includes five distinct families, the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-tubulins and a sixth family (zeta-tubulin) which is present only in kinetoplastid protozoa.| |Alpha and beta-tubulin Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TTCP) and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively. Gamma-tubulin is a ubiquitous phylogenetically Gamma is a low abundance protein present within the cells in both various types of microtubule- organizing centers and cytoplasmic protein complexes. It Interacts with GCP2 and GCP3. Delta-tubulin is associated with the manchette in the elongating spermatid, a specialized microtubule system present during reshaping of the sperm head. It is localized to Centrosome. Centriole. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. it is cytoplasmic and nuclear. Epsilon-tubulin-epsilon is associated with pericentriolar material.||Source:|Tubulin from bovine brain. This preparation is not biologically active.||Applications:|Suitable for use in Western Blot. Not suitable for use in ELISA or other applications where native protein is required. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Western Blot: 10ul/lane. SDS may crystallize in cold conditions. It should redissolve by warming before taking it from the stock. It should be heated once prior to loading on gels.|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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