Integrin alpha6beta1, also called platelet glycoprotein GPIc­IIa, is a laminin binding integrin that is expressed on T cells, monocytes, endothelial cells, stem cells, and platelets (1-9). The non­covalent heterodimer is composed of ~150kD alpha6/CD49f and 130kD beta1/CD29 type I transmembrane glycoprotein subunits (2). While alpha6 pairs only with beta1 or beta4, twelve integrins share the beta1 subunit (1-5). The alpha6 subunit is cleaved into extracellular heavy and transmembrane light chains (3). Alternative splicing in the human alpha6 extracellular domain (ECD) at amino acid (aa) 216 creates X1 (ubiquitous), X2 and X1X2 isoforms, while splicing at a mouse or human cytoplasmic site creates A and B isoforms (10, 11). These forms do not appear to alter the binding specificity (4, 10, 11). The beta1 ECD contains a vWFA domain, which participates in binding. Each subunit then has a transmembrane sequence and a short cytoplasmic tail. The dimer is folded when it is least active. Divalent cations and intracellular (inside-out) signaling convert it to its most active, extended and open conformation (1, 2). The human alpha6 (X1) heavy chain shares 94-95% aa identity with mouse, rat, bovine, and canine alpha6, and the human beta1 ECD shares 92-96% aa sequence identity with rat, bovine, mouse, and feline beta1. alpha6beta1 shows broad specificity for adhesion to laminin isoforms (4, 10). Its expression on human and mouse pluripotent stem cells is important for attachment, expansion, and self­renewal on LN-511 (laminin alpha5 beta1gamma1) (6, 7). The secreted protein Netrin-4 and the laminin gamma1 subunit form an adhesion­activating complex with alpha6beta1 on mouse neural stem cells and human lymphatic endothelial cells that promotes lymphangiogenesis (8, 9). alpha6beta1 up­regulation on cancers such as prostate, glioma, and hepatoma is reported to enhance tumorigenicity, motility, invasion and metastasis (12-14). alpha6beta1 cleavage via uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) facilitates tumorigenicity in prostate cancers, and interaction of hepatoma alpha6beta1 with EMMPRIN/CD147 may also enhance tumorigenicity by inducing uPA and other metalloproteinases (12, 13).||Source:|Recombinant protein corresponding to aa24-1012 from human Integrin alpha 6 beta 1, CHO-derived.||Molecular Weight:|~110-170kD||Endotoxin:|<0.10EU/1ug (LAL method)||Storage and Stability:|Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute in sterile PBS. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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