A 15-aa peptide sequence from the N-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of Human KST1 .||The kidneys play a major role in the regulation of glucose levels. Kidneys filter approx. 180 g of glucose per day from the blood, and this is mostly reabsorbed back into the blood in the proximal tubules. Typically, glucose is first absorbed within epithelium by a specific transporter protein, Sodium glucose co transporters (SGLT), in the brush-border membrane and then it is transported out of the cell across the basolateral membranes by a facilitated sugar transporter (GLUTs). At least 3 members of SGLTs (SGLT1-3) have been cloned and characterized from various species. Individual member of this family have identical predicted secondary structures with up to 14 transmembrane domains. SGLT1-3 genes code for protein of approx 659-672 residues (calculated size of ~75kD). Both N and C-termini are predicted to be extracellualr. There is approx 60-70% homology between SGLT1-3. SGLTs transport a-methyl-D-glucoside (a-MDG), a non-metabolized model substrate, in Na-dependent manner. SGLT1 does not discriminate a-MDG, glucose, and galactose. SGLT2/3 do not transport D-galactose efficiently.||A human gene, KST1, encoding a new member of SGLT family has been identified. KST1 (rabbit 674 aa, human 675 aa chromosome 16p12-p11), an ortholog of rabbit kidney SGLT or rkST, is expressed in brain, heart, muscle, kidney, liver and placenta. Due to its wide tissue expression and chromosomal location, mutations in KST1 have been implicated in ICCA (infantile convulsion and choreoathetosis) and BFIC (benign familial infantile convulsions.

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