Control Peptide for G3900-24A (antiserum) and G3900-24C (affinity purified antibody).||Most mammalian cells transport glucose through a family of membrane proteins known as glucose transporters. Molecular cloning of these glucose transporters has identified a family of closely related genes that encodes at least 7 proteins (Glut-1 to Glut-7, MW 40-60kD) and Sodium glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1, 662aa; ~75kD). Individual member of this family have identical predicted secondary structures with 12 transmembrane domains. Both N- and C-termini are predicted to be cytoplasmic. Most differences in sequence homology exist within the four hydrophilic domains that may play a role in tissue-specific targeting. Glut isoforms differ in their tissue expression, substrate specificity and kinetic characteristics. Glut-1 mediates glucose transport into red cells, and throughout the blood brain barrier, and supply glucose to most cells. Glut-2 provides glucose to the liver and pancreatic cells. Glut-3 is the main transporter in neurons, whereas Glut-4 is primarily expressed in muscle and adipose tissue and regulated by insulin. Glut-5 transports fructose in intestine and testis. Glut-6 is a pseudogene and unlikely to be expressed at the protein level. Glut-7, expressed in liver and other gluconeogenic tissues, mediates glucose flux across endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Glut-8 is found in adult testis and placenta. Human Glut-9 is expressed in spleen, peripheral leukocytes and brain. Human Glut-10 (541aa, chromosome 20q13.1; ~30-35% homology with Glut-3 and Glut-8) has been identified as a candidate gene for NIDDM susceptibility. It is widely expressed with highest levels in liver and pancreas. Glut-11 (496aa, chromosome 22q11.2; ~41% identity with Glut-5) is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Glut-12 (human 617aa, , monkey 621aa;~ 50kD; ~30% homology with Glut-4 and 40% with Glut-10) is expressed in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and small intestine. Glut-13 or proton myo-inositol transporter (HMIT; human 629aa, rat 618aa, ~75-90kD/67kD protein) is highly expressed in glial cells and some neurons. Glut-13 transport activity was specific for myo-inositol. Rat HMIT is ~35% identical to rat GlutX1.||Applications:|Suitable for use in ELISA, Antibody Blocking. Not suitable for use in Western Blot due to low molecular weight. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Antibody Blocking: 5-10ug per 1ulG3900-24A (antiserum) or 1ug G3900-24C (affinity purified antibody).|ELISA: 1ug/ml|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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