Control peptide for G3900-97A (antiserum) and G3900-97D (affinity purified antibody). Synthetic peptide consisting of 15aa sequence near the cytoplasmic, C-terminus of Human Glut-12. No significant sequence homology with other GLUTs. Species Sequence Homology: Monkey: 100%; Mouse: 71%; Rat: 69%.||Most mammalian cells transport glucose through a family of membrane proteins known as glucose transporters. Molecular cloning of these glucose transporters has identified a family of closely related genes that encodes at least 7 proteins (GLUT-1 to GLUT-7, MW 40-60kD) and Sodium glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1: 662aa, ~75kD). Individual member of this family have identical predicted secondary structures with 12 transmembrane domains. Both N- and C-termini are predicted to be cytoplasmic. Most differences in sequence homology exist within the four hydrophilic domains that may play a role in tissue-specific targeting. GLUT isoform differ in their tissue expression, substrate specificity and kinetic characteristics. GLUT-1 mediates glucose transport into red cells, and throughout the blood brain barrier, and supply glucose to most cells. GLUT-2 provides glucose to the liver and pancreatic cells. GLUT-3 is the main transporter in neurons. GLUT-4 is primarily expressed in muscle and adipose tissue and regulated by insulin. GLUT-5 transports fructose in intestine and testis. GLUT-6/SLC2A6, originally described as gLUT-9 has been reassigned as GLUT-6. GlLUT-6 (human: 507aa, ~ 48kD, chromosome 9q34) is most closely related to GLUT-8 (~45% homology). It is highly expressed in brain, spleen, and peripheral leukocytes. GLUT-7, expressed in liver and other gluconeogenic tissues, mediates glucose flux across endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GlLUT-8 is found in adult testis and placenta. Human GLUT-9 is expressed in spleen, peripheral leukocytes and brain. Human GLUT-10 (541aa, chromosome 20q13.1, ~30-35% homology with GLUt-3 and GLUT-8) has been identified as a candidate gene for NIDDM susceptibility. It is widely expressed with highest levels in liver and pancreas. GLUT-11 (496aa, chromosome 22q11.2, ~41% identity with GLUT-5) is expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. GLUT-12 (human 617aa, monkey 621aa, ~ 50kD; ~30% homology with GLUT-4 and 40% with GLUT-10) is expressed in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and small intestine. GLUT-13 or proton myo-inositol transporter (HMIT: human 629aa, rat 618aa, ~75-90kD/67kD protein) is highly expressed in glial cells and some neurons. GLUT-13 transport activity was specific for myo-inositol. Rat HMIT is ~35% identical to rat GLUT-X1.||Applications: |Suitable for use in ELISA and Antibody Blocking. Not suitable for use in Western Blot due to low molecular weight. Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Antibody Blocking: 5-10ug of control peptide per 1ul G3900-97A (antiserum) or 1ug G3900-97D (affinity purified antibody). |ELISA: 1ug/ml.|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.||5-10 ug of control peptide per 1 ug IgG or 1 ul of antiserum

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