TheratCpG-BDNAbelongstotheclassofCpG-Boligodeoxynucleotides(ODN),alsoknownas‘K’-typeODN,withafullphosphorothioate(PS)backbone.ItisparticularlyeffectiveforactivatingBcells.Thevertebrateimmunesystemhasevolvedinnateimmunedefensepatternrecognitionreceptors(PRRs)thatdetectunmethylatedcytosine-phosphate-guanine(CpG)motifswithinbacterialDNA.CellularactivationbyCpGmotifsoccursviatheTollsignalpathway.TheToll-likereceptor-9(TLR9,CD289)appearstobeamajorcomponentoftheCpG-DNAreceptor,actingbydirectbindingtoCpG-DNA,whichtriggerstheinductionofcellsignalingpathwaysincludingthemitogenactivatedproteinkinase(MAPKs)andNFkB,leADIngtostimulationofvariouscellsoftheimmunesystem.ThehumanTLR9isexpressedinBcellsandplasmacytoiddendriticcells(PDC).MicealsoexpressTLR9inthemyeloidcompartment.OptimalsequencesforactivatingTLR9varyamongspecies.SyntheticODNcontainCpG-DNAmotifsmimickingtheimmunostimulatoryeffectsofbacterialDNAandcan,therefore,beusedasimmunoprotectiveagents,vaccineadjuvantsandanti-allergicagents.CpGODNalsoaffectsimmunetoleranceandautoimmunity.DifferentclassesofCpGODNarecharacterizedeachwithdistincteffectsontheimmuneresponse:CpG-A(‘D’-type),CpG-B(‘K’-type),andCpG-C.CpG-BODNarecharacterizedbyafullphosphorothioatebackbonewithoneormoreCpGmotifswithoutpoly–Gmotifs.CpG-BODNareweakinducersofIFN-alphabutareverypotentTh1adjuvantsandstrongBcellresponsestimulators.CpG-BODNpromotesurvival,activation,andmaturationofbothmonocytederiveddendriticcellsandPDC.||Source:|SyntheticproteineffectiveforactivatingBcellsimmuneresponseinrat.|5’-tgactgtgaacgttcgagatga-3’||Applications:|SuitableforuseinBIOLOGicalassaysinvitrotoactivateratcells.Otherapplicationsnottested.||RecommendedDilution:|Invitrostimulation:0.05-3um|Optimaldilutionstobedeterminedbytheresearcher.||StorageandStABIlity:|Lyophilizedpowdermaybestoredat-20°C.ReconstitutewithsterileddH2O.Aliquottoavoidrepeatedfreezingandthawing.Storeat-20°C.Formaximumrecoveryofproduct,centrifugetheoriginalvialafterthawingandpriortoremovingthecap.Furtherdilutionscanbemadeinassaybuffer

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