The NS1 protein is a major non-structural protein expressed by the Yellow Fever Virus. The NS1 monomer is a glycosylated protein of approximately|45kD, which associates with lipids and forms a homodimer inside infected cells. It is necessary for viral replication, and is also secreted into the extracellular space as a hexameric lipoprotein particle, which is involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis by interacting with components from both the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as other host factors. Yellow fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Clinical symptoms of the disease include fever, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting. In a small percentage of patients, the liver and kidneys are affected leading to jaundice, and in some cases death. In the sylvatic cycle, the virus is transmitted to non-human primates via mosquitoes of the Haemagogus and Sabethes genera. Whereas the Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of YFV to humans in urban areas. Yellow fever virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Central/South America where the vector is widespread. In the late 1930’s a safe and effective attenuated vaccine was developed against the YFV, which confers long-term immunity. Since its introduction, the vaccine has been used successfully to immunize individuals in areas where YFV is endemic. Diagnosis of yellow fever is complicated by the fact that early symptoms of the infection can be confused with other haemorrhagic diseases including Dengue. Differential diagnosis is therefore an important consideration in areas where other flaviviruses such as Dengue and Zika co-circulate.||Applications: |Suitable for use in direct ELISA and Western Blot (in reducing and non-reducing conditions). Other applications not tested.||Recommended Dilution:|Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.||Storage and Stability:|May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months after receipt. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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