Asthmaisachroniclungdiseasecharacterizedbyairwayhyper-responsiveness(AHR)toallergens,airwayedema,andincreasedmucussecretion.IncreasedlevelsofcirculatingIgEandIgG1antibodyandapropensitytoallergicresponses,atopy,areassociatedwiththedevelopmentofasthma.Dinitrophenol(DNP)haslongbeenemployedasamodelimmunogenasasingleantigentoreducethecomplexityofmodelingAHR.Oneoftheprimaryaspectsoftheimmuneresponseistheinteractionofantigenswithlymphocytestoinducetheformationofantibodies,thatinturnmakestheantigenharmless.Muchofourcurrentunderstandingoftheantibodyresponsetoantigenshasbeenderivedbyusingtheantibody-haptenmodel.ImmunizationofmanymammalianspecieswithDNP-proteinconjugatesresultsinproductionofantibodiesspecificforDNPandtheaminoacidsidechainstowhichitisattached.DNPconjugates(DNP-KLHorDNP-BSA)usefulfortheproductionofantibodiesspecificforDNPandhemocyaninorBSA.DNP-immunizationproducedasignificantvariationintheamountandantibodyclass(IgGs,IgA,IgE,IgM)amongstrains,andundervariousexperimentalconditions.DNPpreparations(purityandsupplier),doses(amountperinjection),routes(intramuscular,intravenous,aerosol,liposomeentrapped,polymerizedetc),frequencyofexposure(singleinjections,multipleetc)mayinduceadefinedclassofantibodyanditslevelmayvaryaswell.DNP-inducedantibodyproductionhasbeenusedtoassesstheimmunestatusofnormalandimmune-compromisedanimals.